Mtundu watsopano wa konkire wopopera pogwiritsa ntchito ma aggregates ozungulira-grained ndi simenti yokhala ndi zowonjezera zapadera kuti ifulumizitse kuumitsa konkire yapangidwa ku Europe.
Imadziwika kuti "shotcrete" yapeza ntchito yowonjezereka ngati njira yothandizira pansi pofukula pansi ku Ulaya ndi North America.
Kugwiritsa ntchito kwake m'migodi yapansi panthaka kwakhala koyesera kwambiri.Zinapezeka kuti zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati m'malo mwa njira zowonjezereka zothandizira pansi pansi pa nthaka yabwino pansi pa nthaka koma kuti pansi pa zovuta, monga talc schist ndi mikhalidwe yonyowa kwambiri, sikunali kotheka kuigwiritsa ntchito bwino.
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa shotcrete monga njira yothandizira pansi pa migodi ya pansi pa nthaka kukuyembekezeka kuwonjezeka.Simenti yopopera ndi mitundu ya pulasitiki ya zowonjezera ikuchitika zomwe zitha kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa ntchito yake.Konkriti wopoziridwa wolumikizidwa ndi mawaya wawaya wayamba kale kugwiritsa ntchito pofukula pansi.
Kugwiritsa ntchito Shotcrete
Panali njira ziwiri zosakaniza coarse-aggregate shotcrete, zomwe ndi kusakaniza konyowa ndi kusakaniza kowuma kumaphatikizapo kusakaniza zigawo zonse za konkire ndi madzi ndi kupopera chisakanizo chakuda kupyolera mu payipi yobweretsera ku nozzle, kumene mpweya wowonjezera umawonjezeredwa ndi mpweya wowonjezera. zinthu zimapopera pamwamba pa mutuwo.Njira youma-xix imalola kuyambitsa kosavuta kwa ma accelerators nthawi zambiri kuphatikiza kwamadzi osungunuka, motero kumathandizira njira ya hydration.Ma Accelerator apangidwa omwe amalola konkire kumamatira pamiyala ndikuyika madzi ochulukirapo.
Makina osakaniza onyowa sanapangidwebe mpaka kufika pa siteji yomwe amatha kugwirizanitsa magulu omwe ali aakulu kuposa 3/4 mkati. Mitundu ya makinawa imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kuti ikhale yokhazikika pansi pa nthaka m'malo mothandizira pamtunda wosauka.Amachine amtundu uwu ndiye Mfuti Yonse Yachitsanzo H, yogawidwa ndi kampani ya zida zamigodi, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito mofala kwambiri popangira zinthu zapansi panthaka pomwe zokutira zoonda za konkriti mpaka pafupifupi 2in.wandiweyani komanso wophatikiza pafupifupi 1/2 in.
Ntchito Yothandizira ya Shortcrete
Shotcrete itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chomangika kapena ngati chothandizira chosakhazikika.Matanthwe apulasitiki ofooka ndi dothi lopanda mgwirizano amafunikira kuyika kolimba, koyenera kuti nthaka isasunthike ndikulowa potseguka.Izi zitha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito ma inchi 4 kapena kupitilira apo.
M'miyala yabwino kwambiri, itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizana ndi ma fractures kuti ateteze kusuntha kwa miyala komwe kumayambitsa kupsinjika ndi kulephera kwa miyala.Chowomberacho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito 2 mpaka 4. wandiweyani pamiyala yovuta kuti mudzaze ming'alu ndi maenje kuti apange pafupifupi lathyathyathya pamwamba ndi kuthetsa zotsatira za notch, ntchito yowonda yokha ndiyofunika pa malo osalala.Pachifukwa ichi, matrix a konkriti omangika kwambiri amakhala ngati guluu kuti agwire makiyi ndi ma wedge omwe amachirikiza zidutswa zazikuluzikulu za mwala ndipo pamapeto pake ngalandeyo.Kugwiritsa ntchito kotereku ndikofala ku Sweden, komwe kapangidwe ka chithandizo cha ngalande yochokera ku shotcrete ndi yotchuka kwambiri chifukwa chakuchita bwino komanso kutsika mtengo.
Chowombera chingagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati pepala lopyapyala kuteteza miyala yomwe yafukulidwa kumene kuti isawonongedwe ndi mpweya ndi madzi.Mu mawonekedwe awa, ndi memebrane yosinthika mosalekeza yomwe mphamvu ya mumlengalenga imatha kukhala ngati chithandizo.
Kuyerekeza kwa Gunite ndi Shotcrete
Chowombera chophatikizika chimasiyana ndi mfuti yosanganikirana komanso yogwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa chowombera ndi konkriti yeniyeni yokhala ndi mwala wa coare (mpaka 1.25 in) pakuphatikiza kwake, pomwe gunite nthawi zambiri imakhala matope a mchenga wa simenti.The shotcrete amasiyana gunite ntchito ndi ntchito m'njira zotsatirazi:
1) Mfuti imakonda kupanga chivundikiro chopyapyala pa thanthwe, koma chowombera ngati chikagwiritsidwa ntchito mwamsanga pambuyo pa kuphulika chidzapereka chisindikizo ndi chithandizo kuti chikhazikitse mwala watsopano.Chomangira cholimba cha shotcrete-rock chimaganiziridwa kuti chimachitika chifukwa cha zomwe zidapangidwa mwapadera zophatikizira zomwe sizilola konkriti kuti isasunthike pathanthwe, mphamvu yakutsogolo ya tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono komanso kapangidwe kake. makina osindikizira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
2) Chowombera chimagwiritsa ntchito magulu akuluakulu (mpaka 1.25) omwe amatha kusakanikirana ndi simenti ndi mchenga pamadzi ake omwe ali ndi chinyezi popanda kuyanika kwamtengo wapatali komwe nthawi zambiri kumafunika ndi gunite.Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito mu makulidwe mpaka ma inchi 6 pakadutsa imodzi, pomwe gunite imangokhala makulidwe osapitilira inchi imodzi.Choncho shotcrete mwamsanga amakhala thandizo lamphamvu komanso stabilizer wa akhakula lotseguka.
3) Ma admixtures othamanga omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito powombera amawathandiza kuti agwirizane ndi thanthwe, ngakhale kuti chowombera chikhoza kukhala chofooka kusiyana ndi konkire wamba wa milingo yosakanikirana koma ndi accelerator yochepa.Ndiwopanda madzi ndipo imadziwika ndi mphamvu yoyambirira kwambiri (pafupifupi 200 psi mu ola limodzi), osati chifukwa cha zosakaniza zokha komanso kuchuluka kwa kuphatikizika komwe kumalandiridwa kuchokera ku liwiro la 250-500ft.pa mphindi.ndi madzi otsika / simenti chiŵerengero (pafupifupi 0.35).Shotcrete, yokhala ndi zowonjezera zapadera, imatha kusintha mwala wa mphamvu zazing'ono kukhala zokhazikika, ndipo zofooka za miyala ya pulasitiki zomwe zimapopera nazo zimatha kukhala zokhazikika ndi masentimita angapo a chithandizo cha shotcrete.Chifukwa cha zokwawa zake, shotcrete imatha kusinthika kwambiri kwa miyezi kapena zaka popanda kulephera ndikusweka.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-02-2021